华为eNSP配置VRRP协议实验-百问十六

华为eNSP配置VRRP协议实验

的有关信息介绍如下：

华为eNSP配置VRRP协议实验

虚拟路由冗余协议(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol，简称VRRP)是由IETF提出的解决局域网中配置静态网关出现单点失效现象的路由协议，是一种选择、容错、备份的路由协议，本次实验主要展现其特性。

一、搭建本次实验的拓扑结构

五台路由器、两台交换机

R1-R5，S1-S2,R4、R5模拟电脑，S1、S2只是做透明转发

二、配置所有设备的接口信息

[R1]interface loopback 0[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32[R1-LoopBack0]quit[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.123.1 24system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[Huawei]sysname R2[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.123.2 24[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.2 24system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[Huawei]sysname R3[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.123.3 24[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.3 24system-view Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.[Huawei]sysname R4[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.4 24

[Huawei]sysname R5[R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 24

三、观察此时区域内的网络连通性

ping -c 1 192.168.1.3 PING 192.168.1.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=100 ms

--- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics --- 1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 100/100/100 ms

ping -c 1 192.168.1.4 PING 192.168.1.4: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 192.168.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms

--- 192.168.1.4 ping statistics --- 1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 30/30/30 ms

ping -c 1 192.168.1.5 PING 192.168.1.5: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 192.168.1.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms

--- 192.168.1.5 ping statistics --- 1 packet(s) transmitted 1 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss

四、配置OSPF和静态路由协议

[R1]ospf 1 [R1-ospf-1]area 0[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.123.0 0.0.0.255[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0[R2]ospf 1[R2-ospf-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R2-ospf-1]area 0[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.123.0 0.0.0.255[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255[R3]ospf 1[R3-ospf-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R3-ospf-1]area 0[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.123.0 0.0.0.255[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1

五、配置VRRP组和虚拟地址

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.1

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.1

配置完成后，此时若先开启R2的设备，R2变成master，R3变成slave，反之则是R3优先于R2

六、配置VRRP优先级，验证主备切换

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]vrrp vrid 1 priority 110

优先级数值越大，优先级越高

切换验证：

关闭R2的G0/0/1端口，从R4上ping1.1.1.1

七、配置跟踪上行链路的特性

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 reduced 30

配置上行接口跟踪，设置惩戒值为30，当链路失效时，将优先级下降30，低于R3的优先级

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode timer delay 10

当链路恢复的时候，由于OSPF的收敛延时，此时配置回切的抢占延时提高运行效率

八、配置VRRP多组负载均衡

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]vrrp vrid 2 priority 110[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]vrrp vrid 2 priority 120[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]vrrp vrid 2 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 reduced 30[R5]undo ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.254

九、验证负载均衡

1、验证上行链路失效后的切换

关闭R2的G0/0/0端口

2、观察切换后的VRRP状态